Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in their millions, in every environment, both inside and outside other organisms. Some bacteria are harmful, but most serve a useful purpose. They support many forms of life, both plant and animal, and they are used in industrial and medicinal processes. Bacteria are thought to have been the first organisms to appear on earth, about 4 billion years ago. The oldest known fossils are of bacteria-like organisms. Bacteria can use most organic and some inorganic compounds as food, and some can survive extreme conditions. A growing interest in the function of the gut microbiome is shedding new light on the roles bacteria play in human health.

Bacteria are single-cell organisms that are neither plants nor animals.

They usually measure a few micrometers in length and exist together in communities of millions.

TYPES

Spherical: Bacteria shaped like a ball are called cocci, and a single bacterium is a coccus.

Structure

Rod-shaped: These are known as bacilli (singular bacillus). Some rod-shaped bacteria are curved. These are known as vibrio. Examples of rod-shaped bacteria include Bacillus anthracis.

Spiral: These are known as spirilla (singular spirillus). If their coil is very tight they are known as spirochetes.

Structure

Bacterial cells are different from plant and animal cells. Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they have no nucleus.

CAPSULE-

: A layer found on the outside of the cell wall in some bacteri.

CELL WALL

A layer that is made of a polymer called peptidoglycan. The cell wall gives the bacteria its shape. It is located outside the plasma membrane . The cell wall is thicker in some bacteria, called Gram positive bacteria.
Made up of peptidoglycans

PLASMA MEMBRANE: Found within the cell wall, this generates energy and transports chemicals. The membrane is permeable, which means that substances can pass through it.

CYTOPLASM: A gelatinous substance inside the plasma membrane that contains genetic material and ribosomes.

DNA

This contains all the genetic instructions used in the development and function of the bacterium. It is located inside the cytoplasm.
Bactearial DNA is double stranded circular dna.
RIBOSOMES
This is where proteins are made, or synthesized. Ribosomes are complex particles made up of RNA-rich granules
FLAGELLUM;.
This is used for movement, to propel some types of bacteria. There are some bacteria that can have more than one.

PILLI-

These hair-like appendages on the outside of the cell allow it to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to other cells. This can contribute to the spread of illness in humans.

On the basis of mode of nutrition bactearia are defferent types.

Autotrophs:

These are those bactearia who can prepare there own food by photosynthesis or by other methods like N2 fixation.

These may be

1.Photoautotrophs : bactearia which uses sun light,Carbon dioxide,water and minerals for preparations of food.

Ex.cynobactearia

2.Chemoautotrophs:, using carbon dioxide, water, and chemicals such as ammonia, nitrogen, sulfur, and others.

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Basic science (Biology)

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