What is diabetes
Diabetes is the condition when your body is not able to take up sugar (glucose) into its cells and use it for energy. This results in accumulation of extra sugar in your bloodstream.
Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to serious consequences, causing damage to a wide range of your body's organs and tissues – including your heart, kidneys, eyes and nerves.
Why glucose level raises in blood? And how it happens?
When we eat some food by the process of digestion our body breaks down the food into various different nutrient sources. When you eat carbohydrates (for example, bread, rice, pasta), your body breaks this down into sugar (glucose).Then glucose is absorbed in your bloodstream, it needs insulin to get into its final destination where it's used, which is inside your body's cells for energy.
Insulin is a hormone made by pancreas, an organ located behind your stomach. Your pancreas releases insulin into bloodstream. Insulin acts as the “key” that unlocks the cell wall “door,” which allows glucose to enter your body’s cells. Glucose provides the “fuel” or energy to tissues and organs for proper functioning.
If person have diabetes then
Either pancreas is not producing or producing insufficient insulin.
Or pancreas is producing insulin but body cells dose not respond to it and can use it as normally should.
If glucose can't get into body cells it stays in blood and glucose level raises in blood.
What are the defferent types of diabetes?
Types of diabetes are:
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease.
In this the body attacks own insulin producing pancreatic cells.
Up to 10% of people who have diabetes have Type 1.
Type 1 diabetes is usually seen in childrens and young people (but it can develop also in old).
It is also known as juvenile diabetes.
People with type1 diabetes requires insuline every day thats why is also called as insulin dependent diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes body either produces less insulin or body cells dose not respond to insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is commonly seen in middle aged person or old age person.
It is most common type of diabetes 95%persons who have diabetes have type 2.
Type 2 diabetes is also known as
adult-onset diabetes and insulin-resistant diabetes.
Prediabetes
This type is the stage before Type 2 diabetes. Your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be officially diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
This type develops in some women during their pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after pregnancy. However, if you have gestational diabetes you're at higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later on in life.
What are therisk factors ? Who can get diabetes?
Risk factor for type 1 diabetes.
- Having a family history (parent or sibling) of Type 1 diabetes.
- Injury to the pancreas (such as by infection, tumor, surgery or accident).
- Presence of autoantibodies (antibodies that mistakenly attack your own body’s tissues or organs).
- Physical stress (such as surgery or illness).
- Exposure to illnesses caused by viruses.
Risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
- Family history (parent or sibling) of prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes.
- Having overweight/obesity.
- Having high blood pressure.
- Having low HDL cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol) and high triglyceride level.
- Being physically inactive.
- Being age 45 or older.
- Having gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds.
- Having polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- Having a history of heart disease.
- Being a smoker.
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Symptoms of diabetes include:
- Increased thirst.
- Weak, tired feeling.
- Blurred vision.
- Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet.
- Slow-healing sores or cuts.
- Unplanned weight loss.
- Frequent urination.
- Frequent unexplained infections.
- Dry mouth.
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